FluMeglumine (Manufacturer may vary)

FluMeglumine is used to treat horses suffering from musculoskeletal problems and pain associated with colic. This prescription drug controls pain and inflammation and may also be prescribed by some veterinarians for the treatment of toxic shock.

FluMeglumine is most commonly used to treat musculoskeletal problems and the pain associated with colic. It may also be used by some veterinarians for the treatment of toxic shock. The active ingredient is flunixin meglumine, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that controls pain and inflammation in horses. Please purchase needles and syringes separately.

Key Benefits

• Reduces Pain: Alleviates visceral pain associated with colic and inflammation and pain associated with musculoskeletal disorder in horses.
• Powerful: Four times more potent than phenylbutazone on a mg to mg basis in an equine lameness model.
• FDA approved for Cattle: controls pyrexia associated with bovine respiratory disease and endotocemia; also controls inflammation in endotoxemia.
• Rapid Acting: Within 15 minutes when given IV.
• Long Acting: Still active up to 24-36 hours after last dose.
• Non-Steroidal: No adrenal suppression or steroid side effects.
• Non-Narcotic: Does not contribute to CNS or cardiac depression.

How It Works

FluMeglumine treats musculoskeletal problems and the pain associated with colic by means of its anti-inflammatory properties. FluMeglumine contains the prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) flunixin meglumine that decreases pain by exerting its effect on pain centers in the brain and/or decreasing pain locally by reducing swelling and inflammation at the site of irritation.

Indications

Horse: FluMeglumine® Injectable Solutions is ercommended for the alleviation of inflammation and pain associated with musculoskeletal disorders in the horse. It is also recommended for the alleviation of visceral pain associated with colic in the horse.

Cattle: FluMeglumine® Injectable Solution is indicated for the control of pyrexia associated with bovine respiratory disease, endotoxemia and acute bovine mastitis. FluMeglumine® Injectable Solution is also indicated for the control of inflammation in endotoxemia.

View FluMeglumine Drug Facts Sheet.

Horse:

The recommended dose for musculoskeletal disorders is 0.5 mg per pound (1 mL/100 lbs) of body weight once daily. Treatment may be given by intravenous or intramuscular injection and repeated for up to 5 days. Studies show onset of activity is within 2 hours. Peak response occurs between 12 and 16 hours and duration of activity is 24-36 hours. The recommended dose for the alleviation of pain associated with equine colic is o.5 mg per pound of body weight. Intravenous administration is recommended for prompt relief. Clinical studies show pain is alleviated in less than 12 minutes in many cases. Treatment may be repeated when signs of colic recur. During clinical studies approximately 10% of the horses required one or two additional treatments. The cause of colic should be determined and treated with concomitant therapy.

Cattle:

The recommended dose for control of pyrexia associated with bovine respiratory disease and endotoxemia and control of inflammation in endotoxemia is 1.1 to 2.2 mg/kg (0.5 to 1.0 mg/lb; 1 to 2 mL per 100 lbs) of body weight given by slow intravenous administration either once a day as a single dose or divided into two doses administered at12-hour intervals for up to 3 days. The total daily dose should not exceed 2.2 mg/kg (1.0 mg/lb) of body weight. Avoid rapid intravenous administration of the drug. The recommended dose for acute bovine mastitis is 2.2 mg/kg (1 mg/lb; 2 mL per 100 lbs) of body weight given once by intravenous administration.

Contraindications

Horse: There are no known contraindications to this drug when used as directed. Intra-arterial injection should be avoided. Horses inadvertently injected intra-arterially can show adverse reactions. Signs can be ataxia, incoordination, hyperventilation, hysteria, and muscle weakness. Signs are transient and disappear without antidotal medication within a few minutes. Do not use in horses showing hypersensitivity to flunixin meglumine.

Cattle: There are no known contraindications to this drug in cattle when used as directed. Do not use in animals showing hypersensitivity to flunixin meglumine. Use judiciously when renal impairment or gastric ulceration are suspected.

Residue Warnings:

Cattle must not be slaughtered for human consumption within 4 days of the last treatment. Milk that has been taken during treatment and for 36 hours after the last treatment must not be used for food. Not for use in dry dairy cows. A withdrawal period has not been established for this product in preruminating calves. Do not use in calves to be processed for veal. Not for use in horses intended for food.

Precautions:

As a class, cyclo-oxygenase inhibitory NSAIDs may be associated with gastrointestinal and renal toxicity. Sensitivity to drug-associated adverse effects varies with the individual patient. Patients at greatest risk for renal toxicity are those that are dehydrated, on concomitant diuretic therapy, or those with renal, cardiovascular, and/or hepatic dysfunction.

Horse: The effect of FluMeglumine® Injectable Solution on pregnancy has not been determined. Studies to determine activity of FluMeglumine® Injectable Solution when administered concomitantly with other drugs have not been conducted. Drug compatibility should be monitored closely in patients requiring adjunctive therapy.

Cattle: Do not use in bulls intended for breeding, as reproductive effects f FluMeglumine® Injectable Solution in these classes of cattle have not been investigated. NSAIDs are known to have potential effects on both parturition and the estrous cycle. There may be a delay in the onset of estrus if flunixin is administered during the prostaglandin phase of the estrous cycle. The effects of flunixin on imminent parturition have not been evaluated in a controlled study. NSAIDs are known to have the potential to delay parturition through a tocolytic effect. Do not exceed the recommended dose.

Safety:

Horse: A 30fold intramuscular dose of 1.5 mg/lb of body weight daily for 10 consecutive days was safe. No changes were observed in hematology, serum chemistry, or urinalysis values. Intravenous dosages of 0.5 mg/lb daily for 15 days; 1.5 mg/lb daily for 10 days; and 2.5 mg/lb daily for 5 days produced no changes in blood or urine parameters. No injection site irritation was observed following intramuscular injection of the 0.5 mg/lb recommended dose. Some irritation was observed following a 3-fold dose administered intramuscularly.

Cattle: No flunixin-related changes (adverse reactions) were noted in cattle administered a 1X (2.2 mg/kg; 1.0 mg/lb) dose for 9 days (three times the maximum clinical duration). Minimal toxicity manifested itself at moderately elevated doses (3X and 5X) when flunixin was administered daily for 9 days, with occasional finding of blood in the feces and/or urine. Discontinue use if hematuria or fecal blood are observed.

Adverse Reactions

In horses, isolated reports of local reactions following intramuscular injection, particularly in the neck, have been received. These include localized swelling, sweating, induration, and stiffness. In rare instances in horses, fatal or nonfatal clostridial infections or other infections have been reported in association with intramuscular use of flunixin meglumine. In horses and cattle, rare instances of anaphylactic-like reactions, some of which have been fatal, have been reported, primarily following intravenous use.

Caution:

Federal law restricts this drug to use by or on the order of a licensed veterinarian.

Pharmacology

Flunixin meglumine is a potent, non-narcotic, nonsteroidal, analgesic agent with anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity. It is significantly more potent than pentazocine, meperidine, and codeine as an analgeisc in the rat yeast paw test.

Horse: Flunixin is four times as potent on a mg per mg basis as phenylbutazone as measured by the reduction in lameness and swelling in the horse. Plasma half-life in horse serum is 1.6 hours following a single dose of 1.1 mg/kg. Measurable amounts are detectable in horse plasma at 8 hours postinjection.

Cattle: Flunixin meglumine is a weak acid (pKa= 5.82)¹ which exhibits a high degree of plasma protein binding (approximately 99%).² However, free (unbound) drug appears to readily partition into body tissues (V_ss predictions range from 297 to 782 mL/kg.^2-5 Total body water is approximately equal to 570 mL/kg).⁶ In cattle, elimination occurs primarily through biliary excretion.⁷ This may, at least in part, explain the presence of multiple peaks in the blood concentration/time profile following IV administration.²

In health cattle, total body clearance has been reported to range from 90 to 151 mL/kg/hr.^2-5 These studies also report a large discrepancy between the volume of distribution at steady state (V_ss) and the volume of distribution associated with the terminal elimination phase (V_ß). This discrepancy appears to be attributable to extended drug elimination from a deep compartment.⁸ The terminal half-life has been shown to vary from 3.14 to 8.12 hours.^2-15 Flunixin persists in inflammatory tissues⁹ and is associated with anti-inflammatory properties which extend well beyond the period associated with detectable plasma drug concentrations.^4-9 These observations account for the counterclockwise hysteresis associated with flunixin's pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic relationships.¹⁰

Therefore, prediction of drug concentrations based upon the estimated plasma terminal elimination half-life will likely underestimate both the duration of drug action and the concentration of drug remaining at the site of activity.